History will remember President Tinubu for his courage—Speaker Abbas

The Speaker of the House of Representatives Rt. Hon. Abbas Tajudeen, Ph.D., GCON, has said history will be kind to President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, especially for the courageous steps taken by his administration towards socio-economic reforms in Nigeria.

Speaker Abbas, in his goodwill message at the inauguration of the National Executives of the PBAT Door-to-Door Movement in Abuja on Thursday, noted that the movement stands for the Renewed Hope Agenda of President Tinubu and the actualisation of his second term in office at the 2027 general elections.

The Speaker said, “Let me say it plainly, and without flattery: history will remember this President for his courage. He met a nation at a crossroads and chose the path of conviction over convenience. The fuel subsidy: removed. The exchange rate: unified. The tax system was rebuilt from the ground up through the reform Acts that took effect in January this year. These were not decisions taken for applause. They were decisions taken for posterity.

“Yes, the road has demanded sacrifice, and we do not take that sacrifice lightly. But the early dividends are visible: rising revenues, returning confidence, and a fiscal system that rewards production, not consumption. A nation that endures the discipline of reform earns the right to its rewards.”

Giving his testimony as Speaker of the 10th House, he stated that “none of these happened by executive fiat alone,” adding that “every major reform passed through the crucible of the People’s House.”

Speaker Abbas stressed, “We debated. We refined. We passed. The tax laws. The student loan scheme. The consumer credit framework. The new national minimum wage. Each one bears the imprint of your Parliament.

“So, what Nigerians are witnessing is not merely a reforming presidency. It is institutions working together, exactly as the Constitution intends. And herein lies the truth this Movement must carry to every doorstep: renewed hope is not the burden of one man, however gifted, however determined.

“It is a covenant of the whole society. A President who leads. A legislature that refines and oversees. Courts that uphold the law. States and Local Governments that deliver. A civil service that implements. A private sector that creates. And citizens who participate, who pay their taxes, who hold their leaders to account, and who keep faith with the Nigerian project. So when you knock on a door, you are not merely canvassing for a candidate. You are inviting a fellow citizen to share in the ownership of national renewal.”

The Speaker saluted the Founder and Grand Patron of the PBAT Door-to-Door Movement, High Chief Dr. Government Oweizide Ekpemupolo; National Coordinator, Sunday A. Asuku; Secretary General, Daniel Oluwatosin Dorcas; and the entire leadership.

“You have chosen to take politics back to where it belongs: to the doorstep of the Nigerian citizen. Door to door. Street to street. Ward to ward. In an age when engagement is too often reduced to slogans, you have chosen conversation over confrontation, and contact over commotion,” he said.

While noting that democracy is not an abstract concept, Speaker Abbas pointed out that “it lives in our compounds and our markets. It lives in our town halls and our places of worship. It lives in the daily conversations of ordinary Nigerians.”

The Speaker, however, told the movement that “mobilisation is a means, not an end,” noting that the test of a movement is not the size of its crowds but the substance of its conversations.

“So, make your engagement a two-way street. When you knock, do not only speak. Listen. And when you have listened, report back. What you gather on the doorstep is legislative gold. It tells us where policy touches the ground, and where it does not. By becoming a channel between citizen and state, this Movement will serve Nigeria far beyond any single election,” he said.

Speaker Abbas added that it is in that same spirit that the National Assembly hosts its annual Open Week from the 14th to the 16th of this month, barely a week from today. He said the doors of the People’s Parliament will be open to citizens, civil society, students, and the media.

Speaker Abbas announces 3rd NASS Open Week to hold July 14 – 16

The Speaker of the House of Representatives Rt. Hon. Abbas Tajudeen, Ph.D, GCON, has announced that the National Assembly will hold its third Open Week from July 14 to 16, 2026, commemorating the three-year anniversary of the 10th Assembly.

A press statement by the Special Adviser on Media and Publicity to the Speaker, Musa Abdullahi Krishi, said the Speaker made the announcement on his social media handles over the weekend.

The statement noted that the theme for this year’s Open Week, which is ‘Three Years of the 10th Assembly: Advancing Transparency, Inclusion, and Reform,’ “reflects not just our journey but our commitment to building a legislature that is accessible, accountable, and responsive to every Nigerian.”

The Speaker’s social media posts read in part, “A parliament that listens earns the trust of the people. A parliament that opens its doors strengthens democracy.

“That conviction inspired the birth of the National Assembly Open Week, and I am delighted that we are set for the 3rd edition of this unique initiative from 14th to 16th July, 2026.

“The National Assembly belongs to the people. Open Week provides an opportunity for Nigerians to engage with their parliament, evaluate our performance over the past year, understand the work we do, and contribute ideas that will strengthen our democratic institutions.”

He added that the 2026 edition of the Open Week “promises even more robust, people-centred engagements. We will convene a Legislative Business Breakfast to deepen collaboration between the legislature and the private sector on policies that drive economic growth, investment, and job creation.

“We will also host a National Security Roundtable, bringing together critical stakeholders to exchange ideas and chart practical legislative pathways for addressing the nation’s evolving security challenges.

“Equally significant is the national conversation on reserved seats for women and persons with disabilities—a transformative reform that seeks to make our democracy more inclusive, representative, and equitable.

“I also eagerly look forward to engaging with young Nigerians at the Youth Town Hall on the 2027 elections, where we will discuss their vital role in strengthening democratic participation and shaping the Nigeria of tomorrow.

“Democracy flourishes where there is openness. Institutions grow stronger when they are subjected to public scrutiny. And nations make lasting progress when every citizen has a voice.

“I warmly invite all Nigerians to be part of this year’s National Assembly Open Week. Together, let us continue to deepen transparency, promote inclusion, and advance the reforms that will strengthen our democracy for generations to come,” the Speaker stated.

The 2026 Open Week will also offer the Parliament an opportunity to showcase its 3-year scorecard.

The schedule of the Open Week indicates that on Tuesday, July 14, the opening ceremony and unveiling the 3-year scorecard will take place inside the chambers of the House of Representatives in the morning, while a session on oversight and delivery briefing will hold in the afternoon at the conference hall of the National Assembly Library Trust Fund (NALTF).

On Day 2 of the event, which is Wednesday, July 15, the morning session will be on the National Security Roundtable, to be held at the NALTF. It will feature conversations on state policing and broader national security reform, alongside the role of traditional rulers in early warning systems and community policing. The afternoon session will focus on the reserved seats for women and persons with disabilities.

The third day of the Open Week, which is Thursday, July 16, will feature Legislative Business Breakfast Meeting in the morning at the NALTF. The afternoon session will focus on Youth Townhall, to be hosted at the former House temporary chambers.

Recall that the 10th National Assembly had, in June 2024, held its maiden Open Week. The second edition was held in July 2025.

House to champion reserved seats for PWDs – Speaker Abbas

…says President Tinubu, First Lady support women special seats

The Speaker of the House of Representatives Rt. Hon. Abbas Tajudeen, Ph.D., GCON, has said that after the reserved seats for women, the House would champion the push for similar seats for people living with disabilities (PLWDs).

This is even as the Speaker stated that President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, and the First Lady, Senator Oluremi Tinubu, are committed to empowering women through the proposed exclusive parliamentary seats for women.

The Speaker announced this in Abuja on Thursday while hosting a delegation from the United Nations, led by Ms. Ahunna Eziakonwa, the UN Assistant Secretary-General and UNDP Regional Director for Africa, who was joined by Ms. Elsie Attafuah, the Resident Representative of UNDP in Nigeria.

A bill proposing the creation of special seats for women in the National Assembly and state Houses of Assembly is being considered by the Federal Parliament as part of the ongoing review of the 1999 Constitution.

Speaker Abbas said, “Let me inform you that after addressing the reserved women’s seats, our next focus, in collaboration with the UNDP, will be on people with disabilities.” These are people who have been neglected in this country—not just in Nigeria, but across Africa.

“We need to step up and ensure that they are given more visibility—more leverage, particularly on elective positions—that they can as well contribute their quota to the socio-economic development of our country and Africa. What we do in Nigeria can resonate throughout Africa. We believe that initiative, if it succeeds, would also open doors across Africa. Others would emulate us by also creating special seats for persons with disabilities.

“It is another venture that we are very passionate about pursuing. I believe with Mr. President’s vision and commitment to the overall well-being of all Nigerians, it would be another project that would see the light of day, by God’s grace.”

Speaker Abbas also informed the UNDP delegation that President Bola Ahmed Tinubu and the First Lady have committed themselves to the reserved seats bill.

“I want to use this opportunity to enlighten you more on the special seats bill, which I’m excited to say—I can confidently tell you that Mr. President and the First Lady of the country are 100 per cent on board, on this matter. Within the last six months, Mr. President had cause to speak on reserved seats for women at different fora.

“Just three weeks ago, we had another very fruitful engagement with him and the First Lady on the way forward and what we need to do to ensure that in the ongoing constitution review this issue of reserved seats is well captured and endorsed, not only by the National Assembly but also the sub-national governments in the 36 states.”

The Speaker also explained that as part of cutting financial and logistical costs in electing female lawmakers to occupy the reserved seats, an electoral college made up of elected public officers has been proposed to vote for candidates for the exclusive seats.

Earlier, Eziakonwa commended Speaker Abbas for championing the cause of women inclusion and gender equality in Nigeria.

She said, “You have—really—a tough job, and it is very important. Under the 10th Parliament, I think, championing very important, significant reforms that are transformational that mark a new beginning for this country.

“I just want to commend you for your courage in standing strong around some of these tough issues for the nation. The one that is close to my heart is the (proposed) reserved seats for women (in parliament).”

The UN official added, “We hope that, with your unparalleled leadership and goodwill, all the efforts will bear some fruit, because on the UNDP side, we really believe that this is not just a right issue; it is a development issue. If we can leverage all of our population—men and women—equally for leadership, I think we will advance our steps a lot.”

While noting that “everyone is looking at this country to step the right foot forward,” Eziakonwa stated that “Nigeria is a shining example for us to sustain democracy in Africa.”

Furthermore, Attafuah commended Speaker Abbas for his efforts towards realising reserved seats for women in parliaments.

“I want to once again underscore the leadership of our Speaker in the country; he has continued to promote inclusive development. He has introduced reforms that are unprecedented in the history of this country,” she said.

Speaker Abbas felicitates Gbajabiamila at 64

The Speaker of the House of Representatives Rt. Hon. Abbas Tajudeen, Ph.D., GCON, has felicitated the Chief of Staff to the President, Rt. Hon. Femi Gbajabiamila, CFR, on the occasion of his 64th birthday on Thursday, describing him as a patriotic leader and public administrator.

Speaker Abbas lauded Rt. Hon. Gbajabiamila for his immense contributions to his fatherland across the Executive and Legislative arms of the government.

Before becoming the Chief of Staff to President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, Speaker Abbas recalled Gbajabiamila’s record six-term representation and performance at the House.

The Speaker especially noted how Gbajabiamila rose through the ranks, from Minority Leader, to Majority Leader to becoming Speaker of the 9th House, a feat he said has not been achieved by any other member of the parliament.

Describing Gbajabiamila as a legislative icon, who has left indelible marks in the history of Nigerian Legislature, the Speaker said the Chief of Staff’s patriotic exploits when he served as a parliamentarian are unparalleled.

While noting that he has continued to build on the legacy left behind by Rt. Hon. Gbajabiamila, Speaker Abbas said he shares his predecessor’s passion for parliamentary reforms, institution building, legislative diplomacy, and patriotic legislation.

Speaker Abbas also noted that Gbajabiamila has been one of the major factors in the productive relationship between the 10th National Assembly and the Executive, to the benefit of the country.

The Speaker wished Rt. Hon. Gbajabiamila longevity, sound health and divine wisdom in the execution of his national assignments

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

HOUSE NOTES CONCERNS RAISED ON NATIONAL SECURITY, REAFFIRMS COMMITMENT TO COLLECTIVE ACTION

Abuja, FCT | Friday, June 19, 2026 – The House of Representatives has taken note of recent statements attributed to its Minority Caucus concerning the security situation in parts of the country and the need for effective national response to evolving threats.

As the People’s House, we recognise that security remains a matter of urgent national concern. The issues raised reflect genuine public anxieties and underscore the need for sustained vigilance, coordinated action, and continued collaboration across all arms of government.

The House reiterates that Nigeria’s security challenges did not emerge overnight and cannot be resolved through isolated interventions. The National Assembly, working with the Executive and security institutions, has continued to strengthen the national security framework through legislation, appropriation, and oversight aimed at improving operational effectiveness, intelligence coordination, troop welfare, and national preparedness.

The House notes ongoing interventions and operational outcomes reported by security agencies across different theatres, including efforts to degrade criminal networks, rescue abducted persons, and stabilise vulnerable communities. While challenges persist in some areas, these outcomes point to steady progress that must be consolidated.

Public discourse on security must remain anchored on a balanced appreciation of context, trends, and historical developments. Nigeria has experienced both severe security setbacks and periods of improvement, and a fair assessment must recognise both realities while focusing on strengthening what works and addressing gaps.

On the matters raised by the Minority Caucus, the House respectfully emphasises that Members of Parliament, irrespective of party affiliation, are not limited to public commentary. We are equipped with constitutionally recognised instruments: Bills, Motions, Committee Oversight, Appropriation Powers, and constituency engagement mechanisms which enable direct participation in shaping national responses and reforms.

In this regard, the House respectfully reminds the Minority Caucus that it remains an integral part of government within the legislative arm of the state. Parliament collectively bears responsibility for lawmaking, oversight, and appropriation, and is therefore jointly accountable for strengthening national security outcomes. The obligation to offer solutions, strengthen institutions, and support effective policy implementation is a shared one, not one divided along caucus lines.

Unlike civil society actors whose primary tools are advocacy and public accountability, legislators operate within the formal decision-making architecture of government. The House therefore encourages all Honourable Members, including those in the Minority Caucus, to continue to deploy these instruments robustly in addressing security concerns. Indeed, many Members across both sides of the aisle have commendably done so through sponsorship of bills, motions of urgent national importance, and active committee engagement with security agencies and policy frameworks.

Constructive parliamentary engagement is most impactful when concern is matched with actionable proposals capable of legislative consideration. Members are therefore encouraged to continue translating public concerns into structured interventions that can be debated and refined within the House.

The House Leader, Rt. Hon. Julius Ihonvbere, CON, stated:

“Security remains a shared national responsibility that transcends political affiliation. Our duty as Parliament is not only to express concern but to ensure such concerns are translated into effective legislative and oversight actions that strengthen national security.”

He further noted:

“The strength of the House lies in its unity of purpose, even amid differing perspectives. Majority or Minority, we are bound by the same constitutional responsibility to the Nigerian people.”

The House acknowledges that security challenges remain deeply felt across communities, including threats to livelihoods, risks in rural areas, and ongoing concerns for vulnerable populations. These realities reinforce the urgency of sustained national engagement and continuous improvement in security operations.

The House also encourages continued constructive engagement from all Members and stakeholders and remains committed to working collaboratively with the Executive Arm, security institutions, subnational governments, and other partners to strengthen national security outcomes.

Ultimately, Nigeria’s security challenges will be overcome not through rhetoric alone, but through sustained investment, institutional discipline, inter-agency coordination, and collective resolve. The House of Representatives remains steadfast in its commitment to advancing these objectives in the national interest.

Speaker Abbas felicitates Finance Minister Oyedele at 51

The Speaker of the House of Representatives Rt. Hon. Abbas Tajudeen, Ph.D., GCON, has felicitated the Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Mr. Taiwo Oyedele, as he clocks 51 on Thursday.

Speaker Abbas described Oyedele as a wonderful human being, brilliant technocrat, economist, and financial expert who has come to serve Nigeria and add value to the administration of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR.

The Speaker, in a congratulatory message issued through his Special Adviser on Media and Publicity, Musa Abdullahi Krishi, noted Oyedele’s sterling leadership as Chairman of the Presidential Committee on Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms in Nigeria, noting that his ability to explain the administration’s tax reforms and convince stakeholders is worthy of applause.

Speaker Abbas, who lauded President Tinubu for welcoming talents and skillful Nigerians like Oyedele into the government, said the tax expert is a huge value addition not just to the administration but to the economy as a whole.

While praying to God that Oyedele succeeds on his national assignment, the Speaker wishes him sound health, strength, and wisdom to drive Nigeria’s economy to prosperity.

After completing the tax policy assignment, President Bola Tinubu nominated Oyedele as Minister of State for Finance to replace Doris Uzoka-Anite. The Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12, while he was sworn in on March 16, 2026.

President Tinubu later, on April 21, 2026, appointed Oyedele as Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy to replace ex-minister, Wale Edun.

Speaker Abbas preaches love, tolerance as Muslims usher in new Islamic Year 1448 AH

The speaker of the House of Representatives, Rt. Hon. Abbas Tajudeen, Ph.D, GCON, has called on Muslims in Nigeria to demonstrate love and tolerance for one another as they mark the Islamic New Year 1448 After Hijra (AH).

Tuesday, June 16, 2026, marks the 1st Muharram, which is the first month in the Islamic calendar.

In a message of felicitation signed by his Special Adviser on Media and Publicity, Musa Abdullahi Krishi, the Speaker urged the Muslim Ummah to rededicate themselves to the worship of Allah (SWT), adding that love and tolerance toward one another are integral parts of such worship as enjoined in the Holy Quran and the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him).

Speaker Abbas noted that the New Islamic Year 1448 (AH) should serve as an avenue for more prayers to the nation and its leaders, noting that our Creator answers genuine prayers from His servants.

He called for more peaceful coexistence among Muslims and the people of other faiths in the country, noting that nothing can be achieved in an atmosphere devoid of peace and unity.

The Speaker wished the Muslim Ummah happy celebrations of the New Islamic Year. He equally wished them and other Nigerians Allah’s blessings and protection in the New Year.

Nigeria’s security demands bold, fresh approach—Speaker Abbas
…proposes legislative interventions to address crisis

The Speaker of the House of Representatives Rt. Hon. Abbas Tajudeen, Ph.D., GCON, has called for fresh, bold ideas to tackle the security challenges facing Nigeria, noting that the current approach has not really worked.

Speaker Abbas, who proposes legislative interventions, said the solutions proffered will be part of the 10th National Assembly’s legacy.

The Speaker made this known on Monday while declaring open a public hearing on security-related bills convened by the House Committee on Defence, chaired by Hon. Babajimi Benson.

Speaker Abbas noted that it is against the backdrop of the current security realities that the 10th House has resolved to “strengthen the legal and institutional frameworks that govern our military.” He also stated that the hearing “is not a rubber stamp” but a platform for robust, evidence-based engagement.

The bills are: HB.1820 (Armed Forces Farms and Ranches Scheme) – linking national food security with military capacity, especially in conflict-prone agricultural zones; HB.1719 (Gender Representation in the Armed Forces) – recognising that no security force can be truly effective without harnessing the talents of all citizens, regardless of gender; HB.1949 (Repeal of Armed Forces Act and Enactment of Nigerian Military Force Bill) – a comprehensive overhaul of military administration for modern threats; and HB.1950 (Veterans’ Federation of Nigeria Bill) – ensuring that those who have bled for us do not suffer in silence after service.

Others are on military education, doctrine, and medical services.

While emphasising that the bills are not mere legislative exercises, he said they are “a direct response to the evolving security threats facing our beloved nation and the imperative to build a more resilient, inclusive, and effective military institution.”

He stressed that this is a core component of our Legislative Agenda in the 10th Assembly.

Speaker Abbas said, “Let me state clearly: the security challenges we face today demand bold, fresh thinking. The old ways have not fully worked. We must be open to legislative innovations.

“I therefore call on all stakeholders—serving and retired military personnel, civil society, gender experts, veterans, lawyers, and ordinary citizens—to participate actively. Share your memoranda, speak your truth, critique where necessary, and propose solutions.

“Do not hold back because you think your voice does not matter. It does. Do not stay away because you fear your submission will be ignored. I give you my word—every memorandum will be read, every oral presentation will be noted, and all relevant contributions will be considered and, where applicable, incorporated into the final reports and bills. This is our legacy as the People’s Assembly.”

Assuring the stakeholders that the Committee on Defence would conduct the exercise with utmost transparency and fairness, the Speaker stated, “We are not here to defend any interest or hidden agenda. We are here to serve the Nigerian people and to produce legislation that will make our Armed Forces more professional, more accountable, more gender-sensitive, and more effective in protecting lives and property.”

In a welcome remark, the Committee Chairman, Hon. Benson, said the bills would address several critical aspects of national defence, including military education and professional development, joint operational effectiveness, medical training and healthcare support, strategic research and doctrine development, veterans’ welfare, military governance reforms, food security initiatives, and greater inclusiveness within the Armed Forces.

“Collectively, these proposals represent an important effort to build a stronger, more professional, innovative, and future-ready military institution,” he said, adding that “as security threats continue to evolve—from terrorism and insurgency to cyber threats and transnational crime—our legal and institutional frameworks must also evolve to meet contemporary realities.”

“I therefore encourage all stakeholders present to participate actively and constructively in these deliberations. Whether through oral presentations or written memoranda, your contributions will help ensure that these bills are strengthened and refined in the national interest. I assure you that every submission received will be carefully considered by the committee.”

Speaker Abbas felicitates General Abdulsalam on 84th birthday

The Speaker of the House of Representatives Rt. Hon. Abbas Tajudeen, Ph.D, GCON, has rejoiced with a former head of state, General Abdulsalam Abubakar, on his 84th birthday.

Speaker Abbas, in a congratulatory message issued through his Special Adviser on Media and Publicity, Musa Abdullahi Krishi, in Abuja on Sunday, described General Abdulsalam as a hero and patriot who ensured a smooth transition to civil rule in 1999.

Recalling General Abdulsalam’s days as a military head of state, Speaker Abbas noted that immediately after he took over in June 1998 following the demise of ex-military leader, General Sani Abacha, he kick-started the process that saw Nigeria enjoy democracy for 27 unbroken years.

Even in retirement, the Speaker noted, General Abdulsalam has continued to serve Nigeria diligently with uncommon patriotism, emerging as a statesman and a shining light in the country.

The Speaker wished General Abdulsalam continuous sound health and protection from the Almighty Allah.

Speaker Abbas leads House delegation to Hon. Yaya Tongo’s funeral prayer

The Speaker of the House of Representatives Rt. Hon. Abbas Tajudeen, Ph.D, GCON, on Saturday, led a delegation of the House to the funeral prayers of late Hon. Yaya Bauchi Tongo, who passed away on Friday evening.

The funeral prayer, held at the Tongo Primary School in Funakaye Local Government of Gombe State, was led by the Chief Imam of Funakaye, Malam Abubakar Shahra-Mansur Bajoga.

On the delegation were the Chief Whip of the House, Hon. Usman Bello Kumo; Chairman Committee on Appropriations, Hon. Abubakar Kabir Bichi; Minority Whip, Hon. Mansur Manu Soro; former Minority Whip, Hon. Ali Isa JC; Chairman Committee on North East Development Commission, Hon. Usman Zanna; Chairman Committee on Police Institutions, Hon. Aliyu Wakili Boya, and the Chairman Committee on Pensions, Hon. Hussaini Jalo.

Others were the Chairman Committee on Science and Engineering, Hon. Inuwa Garba; Deputy Chairman Committee on Works, Hon. Usman Banye; Deputy Chairman Committee on Petroleum Resources (Midstream), Hon. Sagir Ibrahim Koki; and the Deputy Chairman Committee on Electoral Matters, Hon. Yakubu Adamu Danmaliki; Deputy Chairman Committee on Public Service Matters, Hon. Salisu Yusuf Majigiri; Deputy Chairman Committee on NDDC, Hon. Jafaru Gambo Leko; Deputy Chairman Committee on TETFund, Hon. Bappa Aliyu Misau; Hon. Bashir Zubairu; Hon. Sani Yakubu Noma, among others.

After the funeral rites, Speaker Abbas led members of the delegation on a condolence visit to the family of the late lawmaker, where special prayers were offered for the repose of his soul.

The late Hon. Yaya Bauchi Tongo represented Gombe/Kwami/Funakaye Federal Constituency of Gombe State. He was the Chairman of the House Parliamentary Friendship Group with the United Arab Emirates.

Earlier on Saturday, Speaker Abbas, in a condolence message issued through his Special Adviser on Media and Publicity, Musa Abdullahi Krishi, described the late Hon. Yaya Bauchi Tongo as a committed lawmaker who represented his constituents with zeal and served the country with patriotism.